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Purpose: The main aim of this study is to study the effect of alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride on removing stains, yellowness and harmful metal ions on historical printed paper, as well as the effect of this cleaner on optical and chemical properties of treated paper. Design/methodology/approach: The assessments after and before treatment were carried out using digital microscopy, infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), pH measurement, color change and finally scanning electron microscopy. Findings: The results showed that the concentrations used under study (1% and 3%) cleaned the paper efficiently without any observed effect on the chemical composition of cellulose, which was confirmed by IR spectra. The most stains that completely disappeared were the soil spots, also the pH values had improved significantly after treatment, which confirms that the detergent is effective in neutralizing the acidity of cellulose. Moreover, the color change revealed an increase in the chromatic lightness of the paper after treatment, which agreed with the results of the scanning electron microscopy examination, as the paper appeared free of dirt, and the fibers and bundles became more cohesive. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is a unique study, as there is no previous literature that has indicated the use of the effect of alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride washing treatments for printed historical paper, as it was limited only to making disinfection materials and water purification products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This work presents the results of a transdisciplinary analysis performed on Harward’s Almanac (Dublin, 1666), an extremely rare volume currently housed in the National Library of Ireland. The uniqueness and historical value of the Almanac is related to the presence of nineteen handwritten poems, entered by an anonymous scribe. These record textually important English clandestine satire circulating anonymously in Dublin in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century. Following a comprehensive historical assessment, it appeared evident that the current order of leaves was incorrect. To reconstruct the correct order of the leaves, and hence the likely sequence in which the manuscript poems were inscribed, this study employed a codicological/paleographic analysis complemented by analytical (X-ray fluorescence, XRF) and statistical (Self Organizing Map, SOM) investigation. Specifically, point XRF analysis was carried out for each handwritten page of the Almanac, allowing identification of ink elemental compositions (iron-based ink) and successfully supporting the validity of historical hypotheses on the poems’ order of inscription. The statistical organization of XRF data by SOMs allowed easy bi-dimensional visualization of the data set (54 points) and identification of ink similarities, once more validating the historical assessment.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have witnessed outstanding developments in the past 15 years, particularly in optimizing their pore structures, linkages, and variety of monomers used in their synthesis. Yet, a significant challenge remains unaddressed: the processability of COFs into macroscopic architectures with arbitrary shapes, as they are typically obtained as unprocessable powders. This study presents a novel strategy to address this issue by developing a 3D printable ink comprising a colloidal water suspension of COF nanoparticles. A microfluidic device is engineered that provides precise control over the gelation process of the COF‐based ink, allowing for a layer‐by‐layer fabrication. As a result, the direct production of large‐scale binder‐free COF architectures from digital designs is achieved at room temperature and atmospheric pressure while eliminating the use of toxic organic solvents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents the results of a transdisciplinary analysis performed on Harward's Almanac (Dublin, 1666), an extremely rare volume currently housed in the National Library of Ireland. The uniqueness and historical value of the Almanac is related to the presence of nineteen handwritten poems, entered by an anonymous scribe. These record textually important English clandestine satire circulating anonymously in Dublin in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century. Following a comprehensive historical assessment, it appeared evident that the current order of leaves was incorrect. To reconstruct the correct order of the leaves, and hence the likely sequence in which the manuscript poems were inscribed, this study employed a codicological/paleographic analysis complemented by analytical (X-ray fluorescence, XRF) and statistical (Self Organizing Map, SOM) investigation. Specifically, point XRF analysis was carried out for each handwritten page of the Almanac, allowing identification of ink elemental compositions (iron-based ink) and successfully supporting the validity of historical hypotheses on the poems' order of inscription. The statistical organization of XRF data by SOMs allowed easy bi-dimensional visualization of the data set (54 points) and identification of ink similarities, once more validating the historical assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A variety of electrochemical energy conversion technologies, including fuel cells, rely on solution-processing techniques (via inks) to form their catalyst layers (CLs). The CLs are heterogeneous structures, often with uneven ion-conducting polymer (ionomer) coverage and underutilized catalysts. Various platinum-supported-on-carbon colloidal catalyst particles are used, but little is known about how or why changing the primary particle loading (PPL, or the weight fraction of platinum of the carbon-platinum catalyst particles) impacts performance. By investigating the CL gas-transport resistance and zeta (ζ)-potentials of the corresponding inks as a function of PPL, a direct correlation between the CL high current density performance and ink ζ-potential is observed. This correlation stems from likely changes in ionomer distributions and catalyst-particle agglomeration as a function of PPL, as revealed by pH, ζ-potential, and impedance measurements. These findings are critical to unraveling the ionomer distribution heterogeneity in ink-based CLs and enabling enhanced Pt utilization and improved device performance for fuel cells and related electrochemical devices.

This paper presents the findings of the first multi-analytical investigation of the Book of Uí Mhaine, one of the largest Gaelic Books surviving from the medieval vernacular period. A combination of protein analysis, point X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), multispectral imaging (MSI), point Fiber-Optic Reflectance Spectroscopy (FORS) and point Raman spectroscopy was used to perform a systematic investigation of the Book of Uí Mhaine’s constituent materials, including parchment, inks and pigments. The analysis revealed that the parchment was made of calfskin, both blunt tools and Pb-containing materials were used for ruling the pages throughout the manuscript, and iron-based inks were used to write the content of the book. The decoration was restricted to the initial letters and rubrication across the body text. The decoration color palette was limited to yellow and red, comprising arsenic-, mercury- and lead-based pigments. A copper-based green pigment was found only on one folio. The scientific knowledge acquired through this multi-analytical approach complemented a substantial corpus of knowledge already built by Gaelic scholars, paleographers, codicologists and conservators. This work not only allowed for the consolidation of existing information on methods and materials used for the production of medieval Gaelic manuscripts but also laid the basis for future comparative work with other contemporary traditions in Ireland and Europe.

Proton-conducting ceramic membranes designed with an asymmetric configuration have received increasing attention for their 100% H 2 selectivity, high thermo-chemical stability, and intrinsic lower cost respect the Pd–based counterparts. The design of the substrate is of paramount importance to increase the gas diffusivity through the porous support. In this work, porous BaCe 0.65 Zr 0.20 Y 0.15 O 3-δ (BCZY) supports were fabricated for the first time via UV-assisted micro-extrusion. Different BCZY-based inks preparation methods were evaluated to obtain high solid loading (> 40 vol%), solvent and dispersant-free eco-friendly formulations. Printable inks with optimal shear thinning behaviour were successfully extruded, depositing up to three stacked layers without defects. Drying and thermal post printing treatments were carefully optimized to obtain defect-free and easy to handle green bodies. The optimization of the whole process leaded to planar BCZY-based supports with a high degree of engineered porosity and suitable mechanical properties to be potentially applied in asymmetric membrane structures. • Proton conductive BCZY ceramics for hydrogen separation were produced. • Solvent- and dispersant- free UV-curable pastes were obtained. • UV-assisted direct ink writing were considered to obtain complex shapes structures. • Honeycomb type structures with a high degree of engineered porosity were produced. • Samples presents promising mechanical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Granular inks comprising jammed hydrogel unit building blocks are emerging as multiprogramable precursors for 3D/4D printing nonbulk hydrogel constructs. In addition to their injectability, they also exhibit high porosity when compared to bulk hydrogels, allowing more efficient nutrient transport and cell migration through the scaffold structure. Herein, the key steps in the production of these inks, from the fabrication of the microgels, the jamming process, and how fabrication affects final material properties, such as porosity, resolution, and fidelity is reviewed. In addition, the main techniques used for the stabilization of scaffolds after the printing process and the assessment of cell viability, in the case of bioinks, are meticulously discussed. Finally, the most recent studies in the application of granular hydrogels for different biomedical applications are highlighted. All in all, it is envisioned that 3D‐printed granular constructs will continue to evolve towards increasingly stimuli‐responsive platforms that may respond in a spatiotemporally controlled manner that matches that of user‐defined or biologically encoded processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continuous production of high-quality, few-layer graphene nanosheets (GNSs) functionalized with nitrogen-containing groups was achieved via a two-stage reaction method. The initial stage produces few-layer GNSs by utilizing our recently developed glycine-bisulfate ionic complex-assisted electrochemical exfoliation of graphite. The second stage, developed here, uses a radical initiator and nitrogen precursor (azobisisobutyronitrile) under microwave conditions in an aqueous solution for the efficient nitrogen functionalization of the initially formed GNSs. These nitrile radical reactions have great advantages in green chemistry and soft processing. Raman spectra confirm the insertion of nitrogen functional groups into nitrogen-functionalized graphene (N-FG), whose disorder is higher than that of GNSs. X-ray photoelectron spectra confirm the insertion of edge/surface nitrogen functional groups. The insertion of nitrogen functional groups is further confirmed by the enhanced dispersibility of N-FG in dimethyl formamide, ethylene glycol, acetonitrile, and water. Indeed, after the synthesis of N-FG in solution, it is possible to disperse N-FG in these liquid dispersants just by a simple washing–centrifugation separation–dispersion sequence. Therefore, without any drying, milling, and redispersion into liquid again, we can produce N-FG ink with only solution processing. Thus, the present work demonstrates the 'continuous solution processing' of N-FG inks without complicated post-processing conditions. Furthermore, the formation mechanism of N-FG is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two‐dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides, and/or nitrides, so‐called MXenes, have triggered intensive research interests in applications ranging from electrochemical energy storage to electronics devices. Producing these functional devices by printing necessitates to match the rheological properties of MXene dispersions to the requirements of various solution processing techniques. In particular, for additive manufacturing such as extrusion‐printing, MXene inks with high solid fraction are typically required, which is commonly achieved by tediously removing excessive free water (top‐down route). Here, the study reports on a bottom‐up route to reach a highly concentrated binary MXene‐water blend, so‐called MXene dough, by controlling the water admixture to freeze‐dried MXene flakes by exposure to water mist. The existence of a critical threshold of MXene solid content (≈60%), beyond which no dough is formed, or formed with compromised ductility is revealed. Such metallic MXene dough possesses high electrical conductivity, excellent oxidation stability, and can withstand a couple of months without apparent decay, providing that the MXene dough is properly stored at low‐temperature with suppressed dehydration environment. Solution processing of the MXene dough into a micro‐supercapacitor with gravimetric capacitance of 161.7 F g−1 is demonstrated. The impressive chemical and physical stability/redispersibility of MXene dough indicate its great promise in future commercialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the findings of the first multi-analytical investigation of the Book of Uí Mhaine, one of the largest Gaelic Books surviving from the medieval vernacular period. A combination of protein analysis, point X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), multispectral imaging (MSI), point Fiber-Optic Reflectance Spectroscopy (FORS) and point Raman spectroscopy was used to perform a systematic investigation of the Book of Uí Mhaine's constituent materials, including parchment, inks and pigments. The analysis revealed that the parchment was made of calfskin, both blunt tools and Pb-containing materials were used for ruling the pages throughout the manuscript, and iron-based inks were used to write the content of the book. The decoration was restricted to the initial letters and rubrication across the body text. The decoration color palette was limited to yellow and red, comprising arsenic-, mercury- and lead-based pigments. A copper-based green pigment was found only on one folio. The scientific knowledge acquired through this multi-analytical approach complemented a substantial corpus of knowledge already built by Gaelic scholars, paleographers, codicologists and conservators. This work not only allowed for the consolidation of existing information on methods and materials used for the production of medieval Gaelic manuscripts but also laid the basis for future comparative work with other contemporary traditions in Ireland and Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fabrication of complex shaped Si 3 N 4 parts by conventional methods is challenging due to its high hardness and mechanical strength. Additive manufacturing (AM) appeared as a competitive way to attain three-dimensional complexity at lower costs. However, most of AM technologies still present limitations in producing high dense ceramics, mainly due to several difficulties in developing proper feedstock. This work presents the fabrication of dense silicon nitride-based ceramics by using an extrusion based additive manufacturing technique (direct ink writing, also known as robocasting) and cold isostatic pressing (CIP) as a post processing step. Silicon-nitride aqueous based inks containing different amounts of solids loading (36, 38 and 39 vol%) and proper rheological characteristics for the printing process were studied. The use of CIP (200 MPa) is suggested to reduce or even eliminate defects and porosity and consequently, to improve mechanical performance of the final parts. Relative density, microhardness and flexural strength increased as solids loading in the inks increased and were further improved when CIP pressing was used. Parts produced by robocasting with an ink containing 39 vol% and cold isostatic pressed at 200 MPa exhibited an average relative density around 99%, 1475 HV2 microhardness value and 650 MPa flexural strength, values similar to those of silicon nitride ceramics fabricated by conventional processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) is a hybrid polymeric material with immense potential for industrial application due to its unique elasticity, processability, and excellent mechanical properties. However, 3D printing of TPEs using fused deposition modeling (FDM) is challenging due to their poor layer coalescence, high melt viscosity, and weak column strength. In the present work, styrene‐isoprene‐styrene (SIS) block copolymer, a commercially available TPE material, was successfully 3D printed using a direct ink writing (DIW)‐based additive manufacturing process to enhance its design flexibility. The rheology of the prepared inks has a great influence on the printability, layer formability, and resolution of the 3D printed parts. Hansen's solubility criteria were used exclusively, to investigate the most suitable solvent to prepare the inks for the DIW technique, implying better solubility of toluene than THF. This is in line with experimental results that the 3D printed specimens from SIS/toluene inks demonstrate higher stretchability, elastic modulus and tensile strength over the 3D printed specimens from the SIS/THF inks. It has been shown that the selection of a suitable ink and the optimum level of SIS concentration is essential for the successful fabrication of parts using DIW to make them suitable for end use. Highlights: The DIW process has been investigated for 3D printing of SIS block copolymers.The rheology of the developed inks has a great influence on printability and layer formability.The 3D printed samples showed high elongation at break, elastic modulus, and tensile strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, some characteristics of the black and whiteinks that are part of the graphic printing processes,calledrotogravure, were evaluated. In this process, the ink playsa decisive role in the quality of the material produced,therefore, its properties must be evaluated and guaranteedin order to obtain a product that works properly in theprinting process.Thus, an analytical method was devel-oped that combines infrared spectroscopy with ArtificialNeural Networks (ANN) to estimate the viscosity, densityand solids content of inks, having the advantage of provid-ing highly accurate results very quickly and with littlecomputational effort. The best models were those devel-oped for density, with average percentage errors of: 1% intraining and validation, and 2% in testof the black andwhite inks together; 1% in training and validation, and0.7% in test of theblack ink; 0.2% in training, 0.8% invalidation and 0.7% in test of white ink. The method de-veloped has the potential to be applied in printing indus-tries as an improvement for the production of high qualityrotogravure printed material

Abstract Two‐dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides, and/or nitrides, so‐called MXenes, have triggered intensive research interests in applications ranging from electrochemical energy storage to electronics devices. Producing these functional devices by printing necessitates to match the rheological properties of MXene dispersions to the requirements of various solution processing techniques. In particular, for additive manufacturing such as extrusion‐printing, MXene inks with high solid fraction are typically required, which is commonly achieved by tediously removing excessive free water (top‐down route). Here, the study reports on a bottom‐up route to reach a highly concentrated binary MXene‐water blend, so‐called MXene dough, by controlling the water admixture to freeze‐dried MXene flakes by exposure to water mist. The existence of a critical threshold of MXene solid content (≈60%), beyond which no dough is formed, or formed with compromised ductility is revealed. Such metallic MXene dough possesses high electrical conductivity, excellent oxidation stability, and can withstand a couple of months without apparent decay, providing that the MXene dough is properly stored at low‐temperature with suppressed dehydration environment. Solution processing of the MXene dough into a micro‐supercapacitor with gravimetric capacitance of 161.7 F g−1 is demonstrated. The impressive chemical and physical stability/redispersibility of MXene dough indicate its great promise in future commercialization.

Tattoo inks contains metal salts or different types of coloured organic molecules. To the best of our knowledge, there are few data on the concentration of hazardous metals in tattoo inks sold online or by makeshift hawkers. The aim of this work was to organize an analytical methodology to ensure the simultaneous quantitative determination of 18 elements in a complex matrix, like inks for tattooing, by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. The total concentrations of metals in the 16 analysed tattoo ink samples ranged from 0.060 to 16.9 g kg−1. Zinc is the most present metal in the samples, in fact it is in the range 3.4–13882 mg kg−1. In three of the 16 samples the zinc concentrations exceed those required by legislation (2000 μg g−1). Cr concentration in all cases is higher than allowed (0.5 μg g−1). The weight loss by heating the ink samples to 105 °C and, subsequently, to 550 °C showed that in all cases the volatile component (ethanol, solvents, etc.) varies from 48 (Wh1) to 95 %, while the percentages of the residue at 550 °C ranged from 0 % (BK0) to 47 % (Wh1). Considering values limit, four of analysed samples should not be used by tattoo artists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High‐resolution perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs) arrays printed by electrohydrodynamic (EHD) inkjet printing show great application prospects in fields of micro‐display. Commonly, EHD inkjet requires a polar system for printing but it easily quenches the PeQDs. Meanwhile, the mismatch of solvent parameters causes uneven surface morphology and printing instability. In this work, a morphology uniformization strategy of a nonpolar binary solvent system of 1,3,5‐triethylbenzene and n‐tetradecane is proposed to prepare the didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB)/PbBr2 passivated PeQDs inks. When the solvent volume ratio is 5:5, the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of the ink reaches 94.06%. Benefiting from the match of boiling point, surface tension, and dielectric constant of ink, after the EHD inkjet printing, the line width of continuous smooth line arrays is as narrow as 2.0 µm and the coffee effect of dot arrays is well inhibited. Meanwhile, derived from the strong electrostatic interaction between the π‐electron structure of 1,3,5‐triethylbenzene and DDA+, the ink exhibits high stability. Moreover, the high‐resolution logo and miniature quick responsecode by EHD inkjet printing reach 22 718 dpi, far higher than that of the reported micro‐LED. This work paves the way for high‐resolution pixel arrays of micro‐display. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogel‐based alumina (Al2O3) inks were prepared using Pluronic F‐127 with 65 wt% of solid loading (Al2O3). The Al2O3 inks were deposited, and the freestanding samples were studied using TGA/DTA. Significant weight loss was observed between 180 and 360°C. A two‐stage hydrogel debinding process of Al2O3 samples was carried out at 180 and 360°C with holding times of 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 min. The Al2O3 samples were then sintered at 1600°C. X‐ray diffraction was used for the phase analysis of the alumina inks, and a scanning electron microscope was used microstructural analysis. Based on the TGA/DTA analysis, a two‐stage debinding process was adopted. Significant effect of hydrogel debinding temperature was observed on the sintering and densification behavior of alumina. It was observed that the porosities in the alumina samples were increasing when the debinding time was increased from 30 to 150 min, with the debinding temperature at 180 and 360°C. Moreover, the nature of the porosities was changing from closed porosities to interconnected porosities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermochromic inks (TC) have received increasing attention in recent years, particularly in the design and packaging industries. Their stability and durability are crucial for their application. This study highlights the detrimental effects of UV radiation on the lightfastness and reversibility of thermochromic prints. Three commercially available TC inks with different activation temperatures and in different shades were printed on two different substrates, cellulose and polypropylene-based paper. Used inks were vegetable oil-based, mineral oil-based and UV-curable. The degradation of the TC prints was monitored using FTIR and fluorescence spectroscopy. Colorimetric properties were measured before and after exposure to UV radiation. The substrate with a phorus structure exhibited better colour stability, suggesting that the chemical composition and surface properties of the substrate play a crucial role in the overall stability of thermochromic prints. This can be explained by the ink penetration into the printing substrate. The penetration of the ink into the structure (cellulose fibres) protects the ink pigments from the negative effect of the UV radiation. Obtained results suggest that although the initial substrate may appear suitable for printing, its performance after ageing may not be optimal. In addition, the UV curable prints show better light stability than those made of mineral- and vegetable-based inks. In the field of printing technology, understanding the interplay between different printing substrates and inks is critical to achieve high-quality, long-lasting prints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: Authors are encouraged to provide a concise description of the specific application or a potential application of the work. This section is not mandatory. The phenomenon of luminescence and quenching is widely applied in the forensic examination of various ink materials. Here, we introduce a hybrid spectroscopic and chromatography approach to gain insights into the underlying cause of infrared luminescence (IRL) in blue ballpoint (BP) pen inks. A total of thirty BP pen ink samples from the Egyptian market were employed in this study. Insights into the origin of luminescence and quenching in the studied samples were gained based on video spectral comparator (VSC), thin layer chromatography (TLC), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectrophotometry, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Results showed that some of the studied inks possessed IRL due to the presence of crystal violet and some other triaryl methane dyes. Nevertheless, some ink samples did not possess IRL, despite the presence of the dyes responsible for IRL in their matrix. Interestingly, the inclusion of phthalocyanine dye in those non-luminescent ink matrices resulted in luminescence quenching, mainly due to the overlap between the absorption of phthalocyanine dye and the luminescence of the triarylmethane dyes. The IRL behavior of the ink sample under the first illumination wave band (400–485 nm) exerted control over the IRL activity across subsequent illumination wavebands, and the most effective differentiation was achieved by utilizing the first and second preset filters in VSC. The results revealed the luminescent components present in studied inks and unraveled their distinct luminescence behavior present within the ink matrix. The combination of optical spectroscopy and chromatography techniques could provide a distinctive tool to reveal the luminescence and quenching behaviors of ink dyes for the successful forensic discrimination of several BP writing pens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite nanocrystals (PeNCs) are promising color converters due to their high blue light absorption and narrow‐band emission. This paper reports on the bright and stable PeNCs inks for patterned green/red color conversion pixels. Inks designed to stabilize PeNCs have a shelf life of more than one month, and UV‐cured PeNCs films exhibit high color conversion efficiency and practical durability to blue light and heat. Our PeNCs inks are capable of sufficient color conversion even at high pixel resolutions and will be a viable solution for full‐color OLED and micro‐LED displays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present case study reports a shear rheological characterization in the temperature domain of inks and pastes loaded with conductive High Reactivity Carbonaceous Material (HRCM) consisting mainly of few-layers graphene sheets. The combined effect of filler concentration and applied shear rate is investigated in terms of the shear viscosity response as a function of testing temperature. The non-Newtonian features of shear flow ramps at constant temperature are reported to depend on both the HRCM load and the testing temperature. Moreover, temperature ramps at a constant shear rate reveal a different viscosity–temperature dependence from what is observed in shear flow ramps while maintaining the same filler concentration. An apparent departure from the well-known Vogel–Fulcher–Tamman relationship as a function of the applied shear rate is also reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The requirement for the preservation of evidence in court continues to pose a challenge to forensic document analysis, where the answer to the discrimination of writing utensils is recurrent in requested questions. This study aims to contribute to the identification of the blue and green inks of handwriting instruments using Raman spectroscopy. Based on the Raman spectra obtained and after processing with Spectragryph software, a predictive model was built using KNIME software, where a discriminative power of 72.7% was obtained.

The phenomenon of luminescence and quenching is widely applied in the forensic examination of various ink materials. Here, we introduce a hybrid spectroscopic and chromatography approach to gain insights into the underlying cause of infrared luminescence (IRL) in blue ballpoint (BP) pen inks. A total of thirty BP pen ink samples from the Egyptian market were employed in this study. Insights into the origin of luminescence and quenching in the studied samples were gained based on video spectral comparator (VSC), thin layer chromatography (TLC), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectrophotometry, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Results showed that some of the studied inks possessed IRL due to the presence of crystal violet and some other triaryl methane dyes. Nevertheless, some ink samples did not possess IRL, despite the presence of the dyes responsible for IRL in their matrix. Interestingly, the inclusion of phthalocyanine dye in those non-luminescent ink matrices resulted in luminescence quenching, mainly due to the overlap between the absorption of phthalocyanine dye and the luminescence of the triarylmethane dyes. The IRL behavior of the ink sample under the first illumination wave band (400–485 nm) exerted control over the IRL activity across subsequent illumination wavebands, and the most effective differentiation was achieved by utilizing the first and second preset filters in VSC. The results revealed the luminescent components present in studied inks and unraveled their distinct luminescence behavior present within the ink matrix. The combination of optical spectroscopy and chromatography techniques could provide a distinctive tool to reveal the luminescence and quenching behaviors of ink dyes for the successful forensic discrimination of several BP writing pens.

The continuous production of high-quality, few-layer graphene nanosheets (GNSs) functionalized with nitrogen-containing groups was achieved via a two-stage reaction method. The initial stage produces few-layer GNSs by utilizing our recently developed glycine-bisulfate ionic complex-assisted electrochemical exfoliation of graphite. The second stage, developed here, uses a radical initiator and nitrogen precursor (azobisisobutyronitrile) under microwave conditions in an aqueous solution for the efficient nitrogen functionalization of the initially formed GNSs. These nitrile radical reactions have great advantages in green chemistry and soft processing. Raman spectra confirm the insertion of nitrogen functional groups into nitrogen-functionalized graphene (N-FG), whose disorder is higher than that of GNSs. X-ray photoelectron spectra confirm the insertion of edge/surface nitrogen functional groups. The insertion of nitrogen functional groups is further confirmed by the enhanced dispersibility of N-FG in dimethyl formamide, ethylene glycol, acetonitrile, and water. Indeed, after the synthesis of N-FG in solution, it is possible to disperse N-FG in these liquid dispersants just by a simple washing–centrifugation separation–dispersion sequence. Therefore, without any drying, milling, and redispersion into liquid again, we can produce N-FG ink with only solution processing. Thus, the present work demonstrates the ‘continuous solution processing’ of N-FG inks without complicated post-processing conditions. Furthermore, the formation mechanism of N-FG is presented.

Due to outstanding electrical conductivity and excellent solution processing ability, MXenes show great potential as inks for printed/coated electronic devices. To meet the rheological requirements, an ultra‐high concentration is usually involved to formulate MXenes into versatile inks, however, low efficiency in rheology regulation, and restacking issues of MXene sheets hinder their further applications. Herein, a gelation‐assisted approach is proposed to prepare versatile MXene inks with a 3D interlinked network to well address above issues. With an effective combination of cross‐linking as well as the swelling of interlinked network, the gel ink exhibits tunable rheological properties by simply tuning the water amount within the sol‐gel system. Among various applicable printing/coating techniques ranging from painting to extrusion printing, blade coating is selected to demonstrate the advantage of MXene gel ink. The smooth coating layer with interlinked 3D structures is greatly beneficial to the uniform and dense zinc deposition with high reversibility, and endows the aqueous zinc ion batteries with a remarkable rate capability. This work provides an alternative approach to prepare versatile MXene inks and would offer MXenes new opportunities for their application in advanced printable electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermochromic inks (TC) have received increasing attention in recent years, particularly in the design and packaging industries. Their stability and durability are crucial for their application. This study highlights the detrimental effects of UV radiation on the lightfastness and reversibility of thermochromic prints. Three commercially available TC inks with different activation temperatures and in different shades were printed on two different substrates, cellulose and polypropylene-based paper. Used inks were vegetable oil-based, mineral oil-based and UV-curable. The degradation of the TC prints was monitored using FTIR and fluorescence spectroscopy. Colorimetric properties were measured before and after exposure to UV radiation. The substrate with a phorus structure exhibited better colour stability, suggesting that the chemical composition and surface properties of the substrate play a crucial role in the overall stability of thermochromic prints. This can be explained by the ink penetration into the printing substrate. The penetration of the ink into the structure (cellulose fibres) protects the ink pigments from the negative effect of the UV radiation. Obtained results suggest that although the initial substrate may appear suitable for printing, its performance after ageing may not be optimal. In addition, the UV curable prints show better light stability than those made of mineral- and vegetable-based inks. In the field of printing technology, understanding the interplay between different printing substrates and inks is critical to achieve high-quality, long-lasting prints.

Background: Skin modification through tattoos is as old as humanity itself. However, this trend is on the rise, and with the use of different types of pigments and application practices, both cutaneous and systemic complications can arise. Adverse reactions can be grouped into five classes: inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic, aesthetic, and miscellaneous. On histopathology, inflammatory reactions can exhibit a lichenoid pattern or present as spongiotic dermatitis, granulomatous reactions, pseudolymphoma, pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, or scleroderma/morphea-like changes. This article reviews tattoo complications, including their clinical and histopathological characteristics., Methods: An open search was conducted on PubMed using the terms "tattoo", "complications", and "skin". No limits were set for period, language, or publication type of the articles., Results: Reactions to tattoos are reported in up to 67% of people who get tattooed, with papulonodular and granulomatous reactions being the most common. Some neoplastic complications have been described, but their causality is still debated. Any pigment can cause adverse reactions, although red ink is more frequently associated with them. Patients with pre-existing dermatoses may experience exacerbation or complications of their diseases when getting tattoos; therefore, this procedure is not recommended for this patient group., Conclusions: Dermatological consultation is recommended before getting a tattoo, as well as a histopathological examination in case of complications. In patients who develop cutaneous inflammatory reactions following tattooing, additional studies are recommended to investigate systemic diseases such as sarcoidosis, pyoderma gangrenosum, atopic dermatitis, and neoplasms. It is important for physicians to be trained in providing appropriate care in case of complications., (Copyright © 2024 Sociedade Brasileira de Dermatologia. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

The present case study reports a shear rheological characterization in the temperature domain of inks and pastes loaded with conductive High Reactivity Carbonaceous Material (HRCM) consisting mainly of few-layers graphene sheets. The combined effect of filler concentration and applied shear rate is investigated in terms of the shear viscosity response as a function of testing temperature. The non-Newtonian features of shear flow ramps at constant temperature are reported to depend on both the HRCM load and the testing temperature. Moreover, temperature ramps at a constant shear rate reveal a different viscosity–temperature dependence from what is observed in shear flow ramps while maintaining the same filler concentration. An apparent departure from the well-known Vogel–Fulcher–Tamman relationship as a function of the applied shear rate is also reported.

(En) This study was done on an archaeological leather document preserved in Egyptian Museum storeroom under N°. JE90809 SR 5/13677, excavated in 1966. The leather document showed different aspects of deterioration types. Different analytical methods were used for identifying the components of the leather document to explain its mechanism of deterioration process. Analytical methods used were: visual assessment, documentation process by high resolution camera and scanner in multispectral imaging (MSI), diagnostic examinations using Multi Spectral Imaging (VIS-UV-IR), isolation and identification of different types of fungi, investigation of the surface morphology and animal type using digital light microscope (Dino light), stereo microscope (S.M.) and polarizing microscope (P.M.), identification of ink binder, amino acids degradation and tanning materials by Fourier transformation infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR). It is a qualitative analysis to give general information concerning collagen, identification of inks by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and measuring the thickness by micro meter. In addition to suggesting a new method for museum exhibition for the archaeological leather document as the preparation of a new method of exhibition is considered one of the most important goals of this study, because the current method of exhibition is regarded as a major reason for the deterioration of the studied document. The results revealed that the microscopic examinations of samples clarify that the type of skin used was sheep in comparison with the standard samples. It also explained the deformation of the appearance, contaminations from stains and dusts, and damages caused by physical factors. X-ray diffraction results showed that the ink used was made of carbon black ink. In addition, the results showed that thickness measurement numbers were different which indicate somehow that the manufacturing process was not so perfect. The results of FTIR proved also the degradation of the collagen in the archaeological leather document, the binding agent was Arabic gum and the leather was tanned with vegetable tanning. Isolation and identification of micro-organisms clarified that the most dominant fungi isolated from the archaeological leather document were: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus sulphureus, Aspergillus versicolor, Aspergillus sydowii, Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium islandicum, Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus terreus. Finally, the storage of the leather document was very poor which led to different aspects of deterioration. That prompted the authors to suggest a new method for exhibition for the archaeological leather document. (Ar) JE90809 5/13677 ،قطعة من الجلد الأثري محفوظة في مخزن المتحف المصري برقم تم اکتشافها عام 1966 ، وتعانى الوثيقة الجلدية مظاهر التلف المختلفة. ترکز هذه الدراسة على استخدام التقنيات التحليلية الحديثة لتحديد مکونات المخطوطة لشرح عمليات التلف. استخدمت فى الدراسة التقييم البصري ، وعملية التوثيق بواسطة کاميرا عالية الدقة والماسح الضوئي في التصوير متعدد الأطياف (MSI) ، والفحوص التشخيصية باستخدام التصوير متعدد الأطياف (VIS-UV-IR) ، وعزل وتحديد الفطريات ، والتحقيق في الشکل السطحي و نوع الحيوان باستخدام أنواع مختلفة من المجاهر: المجهر الضوئي الرقمي، المجهر الاستريو (SM) ، المجهر الاستقطابي (PM) ، ايضا تم تحديد نوع الحبر ، ومواد الدباغة بواسطة التحليل الطيفي بالأشعة تحت الحمراء (FTIR) ، وتم تحديدنوع الحبر بواسطة حيود الأشعة السينية (XRD) ، وتم قياس السمک للقطعة. بالإضافة إلى اقتراح طريقة جديدة للعرض المتحفى للوثيقة حيث أن طريقة العرض الحالية هي إلى حد ما السبب الذي تسبب في تلف القطعة. وقد أوضحت نتائج الفحوصات للعينات أن نوع الجلد المستخدم هو الأغنام مقارنة بالعينات القياسية. کما أظهرت نتائج حيود الأشعة السينية أن الحبر الأسود المستخدم هو الحبر الکربونى. بالإضافة إلى ذلک ، أظهرت النتائج اختلافًا في أرقام نتائج قياس السمک للقطعة مما يدل بطريقة أو بأخرى على أن عملية التصنيع لم تکن مثالية. کما أثبتت نتائج FTIR تلف وتدهور الکولاجين في الوثيقة الجلدية ، وکان الوسيط الصمغ العربي والجلد المدبوغ تم دباغته بالتانين (الدباغة النباتية). أوضح عزل الکائنات الحية الدقيقة أن الفطريات المعزولة من هي: Aspergillus niger و Aspergillus sulphureus و Aspergillus versicolor و Aspergillus sydowii و Penicillium chrysogenum و Penicillium islandicum و Alternaria Alternus و Aspergillgillus flavus. وأخيرًا ، کان تخزين المخطوطة رديئًا للغاية مما أدى إلى جوانب مختلفة من التدهور. ودفع ذلک المؤلفين إلى اقتراح طريقة جديدة للعرض المتحفى للوثيقة الجلدية الأثرية.

Ceramic aerogels have great potential in the areas of thermal insulation, catalysis, filtration, environmental remediation, energy storage, etc. However, the conventional shaping and post‐processing of ceramic aerogels are plagued by their brittleness due to the inefficient neck connection of oxide ceramic nanoparticles. Here a versatile thermal‐solidifying direct‐ink‐writing has been proposed for fabricating heat‐resistant ceramic aerogels. The versatility lies in the good compatibility and designability of ceramic inks, which makes it possible to print silica aerogels, alumina‐silica aerogels, and titania‐silica aerogels. 3D‐printed ceramic aerogels show excellent high‐temperature stability up to 1000 °C in air (linear shrinkage less than 5%) when compared to conventional silica aerogels. This improved heat resistance is attributed to the existence of a refractory fumed silica phase, which restrains the microstructure destruction of ceramic aerogels in high‐temperature environments. Benefiting from low density (0.21 g cm–3), high surface area (284 m2 g–1), and well‐distributed mesopores, 3D‐printed ceramic aerogels possess a low thermal conductivity (30.87 mW m–1 K–1) and are considered as ideal thermal insulators. The combination of ceramic aerogels with 3D printing technology would open up new opportunities to tailor the geometry of porous materials for specific applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composite materials and their applications constitute a hot field of research nowadays due to the fact that they comprise a combination of the unique properties of each component of which they consist. Very often, they exhibit better performance and properties compared to their combined building blocks. Graphene oxide (GO), as the most widely used derivative of graphene, has attracted widespread attention because of its excellent properties. Abundant oxygen-containing functional groups on GO can provide various reactive sites for chemical modification or functionalization of GO, which in turn can be used to develop novel GO-based composites. This review outlines the most recent advances in the field of novel dyes and pigments encompassing GO as a key ingredient or as an important cofactor. The interactions of graphene with other materials/compounds are highlighted. The special structure and unique properties of GO have a great effect on the performance of fabricated hybrid dyes and pigments by enhancing the color performance of dyes, the anticorrosion properties of pigments, the viscosity and rheology of inks, etc., which further expands the applications of dyes and pigments in dyeing, optical elements, solar-thermal energy storage, sensing, coatings, and microelectronics devices. Finally, challenges in the current development as well as the future prospects of GO-based dyes and pigments are also discussed. This review provides a reference for the further exploration of novel dyes and pigments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to contribute to the burgeoning field of brain‐inspired computing by expanding it beyond conventional fabrication methods. Herein, the obstacles toward the effective inkjet printing process are encountered and the electrical characteristics are explored, providing new insights into the reliability aspects of fully printed Ag/a‐TiO2/Ag electronic synapses. The versatility of the approach is further enhanced by the highly stable in‐house‐developed a‐TiO2 ink, exhibiting optimal shelf life of five months and repeatable jetting, producing layers with nanoscale thickness resolution. Most importantly, device electrical characterization reveals synaptic dynamics, leading to activity‐dependent conductance state retention and adaptation characteristics, implying inherent learning capabilities. The synaptic dynamics are attained by solely adjusting the duty cycle of the applied pulsed voltage trigger, while keeping amplitude and polarity fixed, a method readily compatible with realistic applications. Furthermore, I–V analysis demonstrates a dynamic range dependence on a‐TiO2 layer thickness and conduction mechanism that is akin to the conventionally developed electronic TiO2 synapses. The developed devices provide a time‐ and cost‐effective ecologically benign alternative toward biomimetic signal processing for future flexible neural networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Screen printing has received significant attention for manufacturing energy storage devices. However, preparing high‐quality inks is still one of the main challenges. Herein, a homogenous and stable ink based on the monoclinic phase of VO2(M) microparticles has been synthesized by a simple hydrothermal process in only 6 h and through nontoxic solutions. The VO2 ink is printed on Kapton substrate in a single‐layer as well as in a double‐layer arrangement (1‐LP and 2‐LP). The printed 1‐LP VO2 electrode delivers a maximum areal capacitance of 20 mF cm−2 with a small equivalent series resistance of 4 Ω without conducting additives. The interdigitated full‐cell VO2 supercapacitor adequately employs the electric double‐layer and Faradic redox mechanisms in 1.4 V, which is the highest operating voltage reported for symmetric supercapacitors based on pure vanadium oxide electrodes in aqueous inorganic electrolytes. Moreover, the maximum areal energy of the 2‐LP supercapacitor is 0.8 μWh cm−2 at an areal power of 21.0 μW cm−2, which is larger than the 1‐LP (0.2 μWh cm−2 at 17.5 μW cm−2). This improvement is attributed to the homogenously printed double layer of the porous VO2 microparticles. Integrating such supercapacitors into thin‐film electronics could develop portable devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reviews the complementary strategies that are used to decipher the valuable information that is contained in ancient parchment documentary materials. A new trend is molecular analysis, which has given rise to the emerging field of biocodicology, comprising protein and DNA analysis for the identification of the biological origin of the skins that are used for their manufacture. In addition, DNA analysis can identify the microbiome that is present in the object under investigation, which adds value by providing information on its history and state of preservation. In any case, it is important to complement the biomolecular investigations with microscopical and physicochemical analyses. Some of the complementary analytical techniques that are reviewed here, such as elemental analysis by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) with compound-specific analytical methods such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy are advantageous as they can be applied in a non-invasive way and without inducing any changes in the objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reviews the complementary strategies that are used to decipher the valuable information that is contained in ancient parchment documentary materials. A new trend is molecular analysis, which has given rise to the emerging field of biocodicology, comprising protein and DNA analysis for the identification of the biological origin of the skins that are used for their manufacture. In addition, DNA analysis can identify the microbiome that is present in the object under investigation, which adds value by providing information on its history and state of preservation. In any case, it is important to complement the biomolecular investigations with microscopical and physicochemical analyses. Some of the complementary analytical techniques that are reviewed here, such as elemental analysis by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) with compound-specific analytical methods such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy are advantageous as they can be applied in a non-invasive way and without inducing any changes in the objects.

For many centuries paper has been the mainstay material for recording cultural achievements around the world. Paper is produced mainly from cellulose with small amounts of organic and inorganic additives, which allow its identification and characterization and can contribute to the decomposition of the paper. Spectroscopic technique is a powerful tool for examining the constituent elements of paper documents to establish their identification and their state of degradation. This review describes the application of selected spectroscopic technique used to characterize paper and inks. Spectroscopic technique that has been reviewed include: Infrared spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence analysis, Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, SEM-EDX, energy dispersion X-ray fluorescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research addresses the analysis of the agro-industrial sector of Boyacá, based on the interactions and links between stakeholders that enable the articulation of innovation processes and technological development. It is based on the theoretical constructs related to the stakeholder approach, networks and construction and creation of value. Its development is supported by the qualitative methodological approach, supported by the grounded theory of Corbin and Strauss. The analysis was approached from five dimensions: Benefits, Business Needs, Restrictions, Results, and Business Path. The results refer to the promotion of a proactive attitude in the exercise of articulation supported by cooperation processes with results relevant to business needs and the willingness to dialogue, shared specialized knowledge, teamwork through the promotion of business networks with support from entities of technological research and development entities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A zircon-based inclusion pigment (CdS x Se 1-x @ZrSiO 4) for ink-jet printing was successfully synthesized by calcining the precursor formed by coprecipitation of Si4+ and Zr4+ on the SiO 2 shell of CdS x Se 1-x @SiO 2 with PAAS as a surfactant. The pigment with cubic or spheroidal morphologies was fully encapsulated within an intact and dense ZrSiO 4 shell, and the particle size was concentrated between 500 nm and 800 nm. The intact inclusion structure of the pigment particles was not easily damaged in the grinding stage of ink. The inclusion pigment, which was prepared in the optimum condition of pH value of 7.2 ± 0.2 for coprecipitation, calcination temperature of 900–950 ℃ and soaking time of 30 min, has a high quality of red hue, achieving the chromaticity values of L* = 62.03, a* = 27.35 and b* = 19.64, respectively. The red ink made from this pigment has a good thermal stability and color effect in glazes after calcination at 1210 ℃ for 30 min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crystalline cellulose exhibits photoluminescent properties, making it ideal for solid-state emission through properly assembling crystal arrays. However, assembling in water or other polar solvents poses structural integrity issues. To address this, a micro-assembly method is proposed. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are organized within a sub-micrometer-sized ZIF-8 metal-organic framework and coated with TiO 2. Notably, the assembly within ZIF-8 improves the CNCs' emission quantum yield to 37.8 %. The bonding between ZIF-8 and CNCs relies on electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds, which are sensitive to polar solvents. Yet, the sturdy coordination bonds between TiO 2 and ZIF-8 enhance resistance. Solvent-resistance tests confirm that TiO 2 prevents CNC assembly breakdown, resulting in only an 8.0 % drop in photoluminescent intensity in an alkaline solution after 24 h, compared to 33 % without the coating. For anti-counterfeiting purposes, TiO 2 @ZIF-8@CNC is combined with a polymer matrix, allowing information to be revealed under specific wavelengths using screen-printed labels. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we demonstrate the ability to design tunable electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding by controlling the dominant shielding mechanism, whether it is absorption or reflection, using graphene-based nanocomposites. We synthesized four different composites and their corresponding acrylic- based inks to investigate the impact of additives on the EMI shielding mechanism. We conducted measurements on both liquid and printable structures, and the results were highly promising. The coatings exhibited a maximum shielding efficiency of over 200 dB/mm. To achieve targeted shielding for specific frequency bands (here 10 GHz), we tested metastructures printed with the synthesized inks for their shielding effectiveness. Remarkably, these structures, when screen printed on flexible and transparent polyvinyl chloride substrate, achieved over 90% microwave attenuation. Overall, this research highlights the potential of printable EMI shielding solutions, enabled by graphene-based nanocomposites, to effectively address microwave interference issues in a wide range of electronic devices and defence applications. [Display omitted] ● Printed metastructures offer frequency selective EMI Shielding. ● Stable acrylic-based rGO composite inks show high EM shielding over 8 GHz to 20 GHz. ● Ink coatings have a maximum shielding efficiency of > 50 dB in both X and Ku bands. ● Variation in composite composition shows a direct effect on shielding mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This chapter provides an overview of some of the materials used to write and decorate different types of manuscripts, i.e. inks, pigments and dyes, and of the different scientific methods and techniques available for their analysis and characterisation. The target audience is not only made of scientists but also curators, conservators, students and practitioners who want to know more about the technical examination of manuscripts and wish to appreciate the context of the scientific analysis of this type of objects. The possible types of approach to the scientific investigation of manuscripts are discussed, and the most frequently used analytical techniques are grouped according to their level of invasiveness and destructiveness. The chapter also contains a quick guide to some of the main questions that may arise about manuscripts, and explains how scientists can help to address them. Finally, a general protocol for the scientific analysis of manuscripts is illustrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unlike pigment-based colors, which are determined by their molecular structure, diverse colors can be expressed by a regular arrangement of nanomaterials. However, existing techniques for constructing such nanostructures have struggled to combine high precision and speed, resulting in a narrow gamut, and prolonged color fabrication time. Here, this work reports a phototunable mono ink that can generate a wide range of colors by controlling regularly arranged nanostructure. Core-shell growth controlled by polymerization time precisely regulates the distance between arranged particles at a nanometer-scale, enabling the generation of various colors. Moreover, the wide and thin arrangement induces constrained out-of-plane growth, thus facilitating the intricate color generation at the desired location via photopolymerization. Upon terminating polymerization by oxygen gas, the generated colors are readily fixed and kept stable. Utilizing programmed ultraviolet illumination, large-scale and high-resolution (≈1 µm) full-color printings are demonstrated at high speed (100 mm 2 s -1 )., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Composite materials and their applications constitute a hot field of research nowadays due to the fact that they comprise a combination of the unique properties of each component of which they consist. Very often, they exhibit better performance and properties compared to their combined building blocks. Graphene oxide (GO), as the most widely used derivative of graphene, has attracted widespread attention because of its excellent properties. Abundant oxygen-containing functional groups on GO can provide various reactive sites for chemical modification or functionalization of GO, which in turn can be used to develop novel GO-based composites. This review outlines the most recent advances in the field of novel dyes and pigments encompassing GO as a key ingredient or as an important cofactor. The interactions of graphene with other materials/compounds are highlighted. The special structure and unique properties of GO have a great effect on the performance of fabricated hybrid dyes and pigments by enhancing the color performance of dyes, the anticorrosion properties of pigments, the viscosity and rheology of inks, etc., which further expands the applications of dyes and pigments in dyeing, optical elements, solar-thermal energy storage, sensing, coatings, and microelectronics devices. Finally, challenges in the current development as well as the future prospects of GO-based dyes and pigments are also discussed. This review provides a reference for the further exploration of novel dyes and pigments.